Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-EV zokuTshaja iziQhagamshelwano
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuqwalasela ukutshintshela kwenye eqhutywa ngumbane osuka kwimoto enepetroli.Izithuthi zombane zizolile, zineendleko zokusebenza eziphantsi kwaye zikhupha izinto ezikhutshwayo eziphantsi kakhulu kwivili.Ayizizo zonke iimoto zombane kunye neeplug-ins ezenziwe ngokulinganayo, nangona kunjalo.Isidibanisi sokutshaja se-EV okanye uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lweplagi ngokukodwa luyahluka kwiindawo ngeendawo kunye neemodeli.
Ndazi njani ukuba yeyiphi iplagi kwisithuthi sam sombane esisetyenziswayo?
Nangona ukufunda kunokubonakala kuninzi, kulula kakhulu.Zonke iimoto zombane zisebenzisa ikhonkco elisemgangathweni kwiimarike zabo kwinqanaba le-1 kunye nenqanaba le-2 lokutshaja, eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu, eChina, eJapan, njl njl. I-Tesla yayikuphela kwayo, kodwa zonke iimoto zayo ziza kunye nekhebula le-adapter ukuya. amandla umgangatho wemarike.Izitishi ze-Tesla zeNqanaba loku-1 okanye i-2 zingasetyenziselwa izithuthi zombane ezingekho kwiTesla, kodwa kufuneka zisebenzise i-adapter enokuthengwa kumthengisi wesithathu.Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC, i-Tesla inenethiwekhi yobunini yezikhululo ze-Supercharger ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kuphela zizithuthi zikaTesla, akukho i-adapter iya kusebenza kwezi zikhululo kuba kukho inkqubo yokuqinisekisa.Iimoto zakwaNissan kunye neMitsubishi zisebenzisa iCHAdeMO esemgangathweni yaseJapan, kwaye phantse zonke ezinye iimoto zombane zisebenzisa umgangatho wokutshaja weCCS.
Imigangatho yaseMntla yaseMelika Uhlobo lwe-1 EV Plug
Chwetheza i-1 EV Connector
Uhlobo lwe-1 EV Socket
Imigangatho yaseYurophu ye-IEC62196-2 Uhlobo lwe-2 i-EV Connectors
Uhlobo lwe-2 EV Isidibanisi
Chwetheza i-2 Socket yokungena
Izihlanganisi zodidi lwe-2 zihlala zibizwa ngokuba yi-'Mennekes' izihlanganisi, emva komvelisi waseJamani owayila uyilo.Zineplagi ye-7-pin. I-EU incoma uhlobo lwe-2 izixhumanisi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zibhekiswa ngomgangatho osemthethweni we-IEC 62196-2.
Iindidi ze-EV zokutshaja ze-Europe ziyafana nezo ziseMntla Melika, kodwa kukho iiyantlukwano ezimbalwa.Okokuqala, umbane oqhelekileyo wasekhaya ngama-230 volts, phantse ngokuphindwe kabini kunowo waseMntla Merika osetyenziswayo.Akukho "kwinqanaba loku-1" lokutshaja eYurophu, ngenxa yeso sizathu.Okwesibini, endaweni ye-J1772 ikhonkco, i-IEC 62196 Uhlobo lwe-2 ikhonkco, ngokuqhelekileyo lubizwa ngokuba yi-mennekes, lumgangatho osetyenziswa ngabo bonke abavelisi ngaphandle kweTesla eYurophu.
Nangona kunjalo, uTesla usanda kutshintsha iModeli 3 ukusuka kwisinxibelelanisi sayo sobunini ukuya kwisidibaniso sohlobo lwe-2.I-Tesla Model S kunye neemoto ze-Model X ezithengiswa eYurophu zisasebenzisa i-Tesla connector, kodwa ingqikelelo kukuba nabo ekugqibeleni baya kutshintshela kwi-European Type 2 connector.
I-CCS Combo 1 Isiqhagamshelo
I-CCS Combo 1 Socket yokungena
CCS Combo 2 Isidibanisi
I-CCS Combo 2 Socket yokungena
I-CCS imele i-Combined Charging System.
I-Combined Charging System (CCS) igubungela i-Combo 1 (CCS1) kunye neetshaja ze-Combo 2 (CCS2).
Ukusukela ekupheleni koo-2010, isizukulwana esilandelayo seetshaja sidibanise i-Type1 / Type 2 tshaja eneqhagamshelo langoku le-DC elishinyeneyo ukwenza iCCS 1 (kuMntla Melika) kunye neCCS 2.
Esi sidibanisi sidityanisiweyo sithetha ukuba imoto iyaguquguquka kuba ingathatha intlawulo ye-AC ngesidibanisi kwisiqingatha esiphezulu okanye intlawulo ye-DC ngeendawo ezidityanisiweyo ezi-2. Umzekelo, ukuba une CCS Combo 2 socket emotweni yakho kwaye ufuna ukuhlawulisa ekhaya kwi-AC, umane uqhoboshela iplagi yakho eqhelekileyo yodidi lwesi-2 kwisiqingatha esiphezulu.Indawo esezantsi yeDC yesiqhagamshelo ihlala ingenanto.
EYurophu, ukutshaja okukhawulezayo kweDC kuyafana nakuMntla Melika, apho iCCS ingumgangatho osetyenziswa phantse ngabo bonke abavelisi ngaphandle kweNissan, Mitsubishi.Inkqubo yeCCS yaseYurophu idibanisa isidibanisi soHlobo lwe-2 kunye nezikhonkwane ze-tow dc zentlawulo ekhawulezayo kanye njengekhonkco le-J1772 eMntla Melika, ngelixa ikwabizwa ngokuba yiCCS, sisidibaniso esahluke kancinane.Imodeli yeTesla 3 ngoku isebenzisa isixhumi seCCS yaseYurophu.
Isiqhagamshelo se-CHAdeMO esisemgangathweni saseJapan kunye neSokethi yokungena ye-CHAdeMO
CHAdeMO Isidibanisi
CHAdeMO Socket
I-CHAdeMO: Usetyenziso lwaseJapan lwe-TEPCO luphuhlise i-CHAdeMo.Ngumgangatho osemthethweni waseJapan kwaye phantse zonke iitshaja ezikhawulezayo zaseJapan zeDC zisebenzisa isinxibelelanisi se-CHAdeMO.Kwahlukile kuMntla Merika apho iNissan kunye neMitsubishi zingabenzi kuphela abathengisa iimoto zombane ezisebenzisa isinxibelelanisi se-CHAdeMO.Izithuthi zombane kuphela ezisebenzisa uhlobo lwe-CHAdeMO EV yokutshaja ikhonkco yiNissan LEAF kunye neMitsubishi Outlander PHEV.U-Kia uyeka i-CHAdeMO ngo-2018 kwaye ngoku unikezela ngeCCS.Izixhumi ze-CHAdeMO azihlanganyeli inxalenye yekhonkco kunye ne-J1772 inlet, ngokuchasene nenkqubo yeCCS, ngoko zifuna i-ChadeMO eyongezelelweyo yokungena kwimoto Oku kufuna i-port enkulu yentlawulo.
I-Tesla Supercharger EV Isidibanisi kunye ne-Tesla EV Socket
I-Tesla: I-Tesla isebenzisa iNqanaba loku-1 elifanayo, iNqanaba 2 kunye ne-DC yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza izixhumi.Sisinxibelelanisi seTesla sobunikazi esamkela onke amandla ombane, njengoko eminye imigangatho ifuna, akukho mfuneko yokuba nesinye isinxibelelanisi ngokukodwa kwintlawulo ekhawulezayo yeDC.Kuphela ziimoto zeTesla ezinokusebenzisa iitshaja zabo ezikhawulezayo zeDC, ezibizwa ngokuba ziiSuperchargers.I-Tesla ifake kwaye igcine ezi zikhululo, kwaye zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa ngokukodwa kwabathengi bakwaTesla.Nangona ngekhebula le-adapter, akunakwenzeka ukuba uhlawule i-EV engeyiyo i-tesla kwisikhululo se-Tesla Supercharger.Kungenxa yokuba kukho inkqubo yokuqinisekisa echonga isithuthi njengeTesla ngaphambi kokuba inike ukufikelela kumandla.Ukutshaja iTesla Model S kuhambo lwendlela ngeSupercharger kunokongeza ukuya kuthi ga kwiikhilomitha ezingama-170 kuluhlu kwimizuzu engama-30 nje.Kodwa inguqulo ye-V3 ye-Tesla Supercharger iphakamisa amandla ombane ukusuka malunga ne-120 kilowatts ukuya kwi-200 kW.Ii-Supercharger ezintsha neziphuculweyo, eziqaliswe ngo-2019 kwaye ziqhubeka nokuphuma, zikhawulezisa izinto nge-25 pesenti.Ewe, uluhlu kunye nokutshaja kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi-ukusuka kumthamo webhetri yemoto ukuya kwisantya sokutshaja setshaja ekwibhodi, kunye nokunye-ngoko "imileage yakho inokwahluka."
China GB/T EV Ukutshaja isiqhagamshelo
China GB/T DC Isiqhagamshelo
China DC GB/T Socket yokungena
I-China yeyona marike inkulu - kude kube ngoku - kwiimoto zombane.
Baye baphuhlisa inkqubo yabo yokutshaja, ngokusemthethweni ngokubhekisele kwimigangatho yabo yeGuobiao njenge: GB / T 20234.2 kunye ne-GB / T 20234.3.
I-GB/T 20234.2 igubungela ukutshaja kwe-AC (isigaba esinye kuphela).Iiplagi kunye neesokethi zibukeka njenge-Type 2, kodwa izikhonkwane kunye ne-receptors ziguqulwa.
I-GB/T 20234.3 ichaza ukuba ukutshaja kwe-DC ngokukhawuleza kusebenza njani.Kukho kuphela inkqubo yokutshaja ye-DC kwilizwe lonke e-China, kunokuba iinkqubo ezikhuphisanayo ezifana ne-CHAdeMO, i-CCS, i-Tesla-modified, njl., efumaneka kwamanye amazwe.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuba i-ChadeMO Association yaseJapan kunye neKhansile yoMbane yaseChina (elawula i-GB / T) basebenzisana kunye nenkqubo entsha ye-DC ekhawulezayo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ChaoJi.Ngo-Epreli ka-2020, babhengeze iiprothokholi zokugqibela ezibizwa ngokuba yi-CHAdeMO 3.0.Oku kuya kuvumela ukutshaja ngaphezu kwe-500 kW (i-600 amps limit) kwaye kuya kubonelela ngokutshaja okumacala omabini.Ukuthathela ingqalelo iTshayina ngoyena mthengi mkhulu wee-EVs, kwaye amazwe amaninzi engingqi anokuthi ajoyine kubandakanya neIndiya, inyathelo le-CHAdeMO 3.0 / ChaoJi linokuthi liyisuse i-CCS ekuhambeni kwexesha njengamandla alawulayo ekuhlawuleni.
